Ukuhlelwa kokwenza umngundo

Ukubumba umngundo kubhekiselele kwimveliso yamalungu kunye neemveliso ngokwenza nokusebenzisa imibumbo. Ukubumba umngundo kunokohlulwa ngokweendidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ukunyanzeliswa kokubumba, ukubumba inaliti, ukubunjwa kwe-extrusion, ukubumba inaliti, ukubumba okungenanto, ukubumba i-die-cast, njl.

(1) Ukubunjwa koxinzelelo

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-press molding, yenye yeendlela zokuqala zokwenza iinxalenye zeplastiki. Ukubumba ukunyanzeliswa kukongeza iplastiki ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo evulekileyo yokungunda kunye nobushushu obuthile, kwaye emva koko uvale ukubumba. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sokushisa kunye noxinzelelo, iplastiki iyancibilika kwaye ibe yimeko ehambayo. Ngenxa yemiphumo yomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, iplastiki ilukhuni ibe yinxalenye yeplastiki enemilo ethile kunye nobukhulu obuhlala bungatshintshi kwiqondo lokushisa. Ukubumba i-compression kusetyenziselwa ukubumba iiplastiki ze-thermosetting, ezifana ne-phenolic molding powder, urea-formaldehyde kunye ne-melamine formaldehyde powder yokubumba, i-glass fiber eqiniswe iiplastiki zephenolic, i-epoxy resin, i-DAP resin, i-silicone resin, i-polyimide, njl. Ubunzima bepolyester (DMC), i-sheet molding compound (SMC), i-monolithic molding compound (BMC), njl njl kwisakhiwo esihambelanayo sokubumba okuphezulu kunye nezantsi kwefilimu yoxinzelelo.

(2) Isitofu sokubumba

Iplastiki yongezwa kuqala kumbhobho wokufudumeza womatshini wokutofa. Iplastiki iyafudunyezwa kwaye iyanyibilika. Iqhutywa sisikrufu okanye iplunger yomatshini wokutofa, ingena kumngxuma wokungunda ngombhobho kunye nenkqubo yokugalela umngundo. Iqina kwaye imile ngenxa yeziphumo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ukuze ibe yinaliti yokubumba. iimveliso. Isitofu sokubumba sibandakanya umjikelo oquka inaliti, ukubamba uxinzelelo (ukupholisa) kunye neenkqubo zeplastiki zenxalenye yeplastiki, ngoko ke ukubunjwa kwenaliti kuneempawu ze-cyclical. Ukubumba inaliti ye-Thermoplastic kunomjikelo omfutshane wokubumba, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye nokunxiba okuncinci kubumba ngokunyibilika. Iyakwazi ukubumba izixa ezikhulu zamalungu eplastiki aneemilo ezintsonkothileyo, iipateni ezicacileyo zomphezulu kunye neempawu, kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu; kunjalo, iiplastiki kunye utshintsho olukhulu eludongeni ubukhulu, iinxalenye, kunzima ukuphepha ukubumba iziphene. I-Anisotropy yamalungu eplastiki yenye yeengxaki zomgangatho, kwaye onke amanyathelo anokuthi athathwe ukuze anciphise.

(3) Ukubunjwa kwe-Extrusion

Yindlela yokubumba evumela ukuba iplastiki kwimo yokuhamba kwe-viscous idlule kwi-fae enemilo ethile ye-cross-sectional phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluthile, kwaye emva koko uyimise kwiprofayili eqhubekayo kunye nemilo efunekayo ye-cross-sectional ubushushu obuphantsi. Inkqubo yokuvelisa ukubunjwa kwe-extrusion iquka ukulungiswa kwezinto zokubumba, ukubunjwa kwe-extrusion, ukupholisa kunye nokubunjwa, ukutsala kunye nokusika, kunye nokuthunyelwa emva kweemveliso ezikhutshiweyo (i-tempering okanye unyango lokushisa). Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba i-extrusion, nikela ingqalelo ekulungiseni ubushushu becandelo ngalinye lokufudumeza kwi-barrel ye-extruder kunye ne-die die, isantya sokujikeleza kwe-screw, isantya se-traction kunye nezinye iiparameters zenkqubo ukuze ufumane iiprofayili ze-extrusion ezifanelekileyo. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukulungelelanisa izinga apho i-polymer inyibilika ikhutshwe kwi-die. Ngenxa yokuba xa isantya se-extrusion sezinto ezityhidiweyo ziphantsi, i-extrudate inomgangatho ogudileyo kunye ne-uniform cross-sectional shape; kodwa xa isantya sokukhutshwa kwezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo sifikelela kumda othile, umphezulu we-extrudate uya kuba rhabaxa kwaye uphulukane nokubengezela kwawo. , ulusu lukakrebe, imigca yamaxolo e-orenji, ukugqwethwa kwemilo kunye nezinye izinto ezibonakala zisenzeka. Xa isantya se-extrusion sonyuka ngakumbi, indawo ephumayo iyagqwetheka kwaye ide ikhuphe kwaye iqhekeze ibe ngamaqhekeza okanye iisilinda. Ngoko ke, ukulawula izinga le-extrusion kubalulekile.

(4) Ukubumba inaliti yoxinzelelo

Le ndlela yokubumba ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-transfer molding. Kukongeza izinto eziluhlaza zeplastiki kwigumbi lokutyisa elifudumalayo, emva koko ubeke ikholamu yoxinzelelo kwigumbi lokutya ukuze utshixe isikhunta, kwaye usebenzise uxinzelelo kwiplastiki ngekholamu yoxinzelelo. Iplastiki inyibilika kwindawo ehambayo phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye ingena kwi-mold cavity ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokugalela. Ngokuthe ngcembe iyaqina ibe ngamalungu eplastiki. Ukubumba inaliti yoxinzelelo ifanelekile kwiiplastiki ezingaphantsi kuneziqinileyo. Iiplastiki ezinokunyanzeliswa zibunjwe ngokomgaqo nazo zinokubunjwa ngokubumba inaliti. Nangona kunjalo, imathiriyeli yokubumba iyafuneka ukuba ibe ne-fluidity elungileyo kwindawo etyhidiweyo xa isezantsi kunobushushu bokuqina, kwaye inomlinganiselo omkhulu wokuqina xa iphezulu kunobushushu bokuqina.

(5) Ukubumba umgongxo

Kukulungisa i-tubular okanye i-sheet blank eyenziwe nge-extrusion okanye i-injection kwaye isekho kwi-plasticized state kwi-mold mold, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ungenise umoya oxinzelelweyo ukunyanzela i-blank ukuba yandise kwaye inamathele eludongeni lwe-mold cavity. Indlela yokucubungula apho imveliso engumngxuma efunwayo ifunyanwa ngokudilizwa emva kokupholisa kunye nokubunjwa. Iiplastiki ezifanelekileyo ukubumba umgobo yi-polyethylene yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-polyethylene ephantsi koxinzelelo, i-polyvinyl chloride eqinile, i-polyvinyl chloride ethambileyo, i-polystyrene, i-polypropylene, i-polycarbonate, njl. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubumba i-parison, ukubumba okungenanto kwahlulwe ikakhulu kwiindidi ezimbini: i-extrusion ukubumba ukuvuthela kunye nesitofu vuthela ukubumba. Inzuzo ye-extrusion blow molding kukuba isakhiwo se-extruder kunye ne-extrusion blow mold silula. Ukungalungi kukuba ubukhulu bodonga lwe-parison abuhambelani, obunokubangela lula ukungalingani kodonga lweemveliso zeplastiki. I-advanteji ye-injection blow blowing kukuba ubukhulu bodonga lwe-parison bufana kwaye akukho mida ye-flash. Ekubeni i-parison ye-injection inomgangatho ophantsi, akuyi kubakho i-seams kunye ne-seams ezantsi kwemveliso engenanto, engeyona nje enhle kodwa inamandla amakhulu. Ukungalungi kukuba izixhobo zokubumba kunye nokubumba okusetyenzisiweyo kuyabiza, ngoko le ndlela yokubumba isetyenziselwa imveliso eninzi yeemveliso ezincinci ezingenanto, kwaye ayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengendlela yokubumba i-extrusion blowing.

(6) Die casting ukubumba

I-Die casting sisishunqulelo sokuphosa uxinzelelo. Inkqubo yokulahla i-die-casting kukongeza izinto eziluhlaza zeplastiki kwigumbi lokutyisa elifudumalayo, kwaye emva koko ufake uxinzelelo kwikholamu yoxinzelelo. Iplastiki inyibilika phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ingena emngxunyeni ngenkqubo yokugalela i-mold, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe iqina ibe yimo. Le ndlela yokubumba ibizwa ngokuba yi-die-casting. Umngundo osetyenzisiweyo ubizwa ngokuba yi-die-casting mold. Olu hlobo lokungunda lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekubumbeni iiplastiki ze-thermosetting.

Ukubumba umngundo yenye yeenkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokuvelisa iimveliso ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana neeplastiki kunye neentsimbi. Ukongeza, kukho i-foam yeplastiki yokubumba i-foam, i-fiber yeglasi eyomeleziweyo yeplastiki yokubumba i-low-pressure molds, njl.

Ukubunjwa kwe-Mold kunokwahlula ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zezinto eziphathekayo, imigaqo yokuguqulwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, oomatshini bokubumba abahlukeneyo, ukuchaneka kokubumba, njl. Ukuqonda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubumba kuya kukunceda wenze ukhetho olungcono ekukhetheni inkqubo yokuvelisa kwaye ugweme ilahleko engadingekile ebangelwa ukhetho olungalunganga.